COMPLICATION THAT MAY FOLLOW A COLD OR INFLUENZA: SINUSITIS
Because the respiratory tract is a series of cavities (sinuses, lungs etc.), connected by air passages, viruses can spread from the nose to the sinuses and throat and into the middle ear trachea, larynx, bronchial tubes and lungs. Secondary infections spreading to these locations can cause complications, some quite serious.
Sinusitis is a common dysfunction which frequently occurs after a cold is complicated by a secondary bacterial infection. Sinusitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the air-filled sinus cavities, which are hollow spaces in the bones of the skull. The frontal sinuses are above the eyes, the maxillary sinuses behind the cheeks. They are lined by mucosal cells which produce mucus that drains into the throat.
When the nose is blocked by a cold, this discharge accumulates and blocks the nose still more. The sufferer must then breathe through the mouth and speech often becomes nasal. Tenderness and headache pain are also often experienced in the cheeks and forehead; below, behind and above the eyes; and in the upper teeth, especially in the rear upper jaw. Vision may also become blurred. Adding to the discomfort is further pain caused by irritated nerve endings in the sinuses themselves.
If the frontal sinuses are affected, headache pain usually appears over one or both eyes, especially upon waking or on bending forward. If the maxillary sinuses are affected, one or both cheeks may be tender and painful, and pain may be experienced in the upper jaw.
Sinusitis is not normally dangerous but when it appears together with a cold, and then continues to produce a copious green discharge after the cold ends, it may be due to a bacterial infection. Or it could be due to an allergy. If you suspect a bacterial infection, a physician can confirm sinusitis by X-ray diagnosis. Otherwise, treatment is similar to that for a cold.
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